|
The Gulf of Paria ((スペイン語:Golfo de Paria)) is a shallow (37m at its deepest) semi-enclosed inland sea located between the island of Trinidad (Republic of Trinidad and Tobago) and the east coast of Venezuela. It separates the two countries with as little as 15 km separating them at its narrowest and 120 km at its widest points.The tides within the Gulf are semi-diurnal in nature with a range of approximately 1m.〔https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/athens/papers/wsh2/WSH2_3_Neale.pdf〕 The Gulf of Paria is considered to be one of the best natural harbours on the Atlantic coast of the Americas. The jurisdiction of the Gulf of Paria is split between Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela with Trinidad and Tobago having control over approximately (37.7%) and Venezuela the remainder(62.3%).〔http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/62002.pdf〕 It was originally named the Gulf of the Whale ((スペイン語:Golfo de la Ballena)) by Christopher Columbus, but the 19th Century whaling industry eliminated whales from the area and populations have never recovered. Cartographic sources of the late 18th century repeatedly refer to it as the Sad Gulf ((スペイン語:Golfo Triste)).〔Mapa de la ysla de Trinidad. Archivo General de Indias. Unidad: Mapas y Planos. Signatura: MP-VENEZUELA, 185. (Portal de Archivos Españoles )〕 In the north, the gulf is connected to the Caribbean Sea through the Dragons' Mouths ((スペイン語:Bocas del Dragón)) between the Paria Peninsula of Venezuela and the Chaguaramas Peninsula of Trinidad. In the south, the gulf is connected to the Atlantic through the Columbus Channel, also known as the Serpent's Mouth ((スペイン語:Boca del Serpiente)), between the Cedros Peninsula and the Orinoco Delta. ==Oil and Natural Gas== The Gulf of Paria lies entirely within the broad strike-slip plate boundary zone of the southeastern Caribbean. The structure of the Gulf consists of a complex set of transtensional basins superimposed on a fold-and-thrust belt (Serrania del Interior of eastern Venezuela).〔http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874599799800513〕 The petroleum of Trinidad has been generated by prolific Upper Cretaceous source rocks, time equivalent to the La Luna and Querecual formations in Columbia and Venezuela. These source rocks were then overlain by a thick succession of Paleogene deep water sediments (shales and deep water sandstones) and shallow marine siliciclastic reservoir rocks. The transpression due to the influence of the Caribbean plate created several sub-basins across the Trinidad area; each having distinctive petroleum systems. The hydrocarbon basins in Trinidad are Southern Basin, Columbus Basin, Carupano Basin, Central Range/Darrien Rdige Basin and the Caroni Basin and Gulf of Paria Pull-apart Basin.〔http://www.energy.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/petroleum_geo.pdf〕 The Caroni Basin is a Cenozoic basin bounded to the north by the El Pilar fault zone and the Northern Range fold-thrust belt and to the south by the Central Range fold-thrust belt. Its stratigraphy features a shallowing section from the Miocene which overlies Palaeocene and Lower Cretaceous deep water sediments. The Gulf of Paria is the western offshore extension of the Caroni basin. However its deformation is now extensional due to the right-stepping of the dextral El Pilar fault to the dextral Warm Springs fault. The Los Bajos fault separates the Gulf of Paria from the Southern basin sediments. Natural gas has been discovered in the onshore Caroni basin while in the Gulf of Paria, both oil and gas have been discovered.〔http://www.firstmagazine.com/Krishna Persad.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gulf of Paria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|